Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders that affect tissues surrounding the tooth. Generally, periodontal disease can be classified into two stages based on the severity: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a mild form characterized by inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding a tooth or the gingiva, while periodontitis is a more severe form characterized by destruction of supporting structures of the teeth including periodontal ligament, bone, cementum, and soft tissues. Despite its effect on tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal disease is also suggested to have a cause-and-effect relationship with various systemic diseases, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since the first report indicating periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for preterm birth in 1996, numerous studies have suggested the link between oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Oral bacteria, oral health, and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Xu_Han Periodontology_2022
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